Where is the chemical fiber industry problem?
At present, China’s chemical fiber production ranks first in the world, and its product coverage and application range are the most extensive in the world.
High-speed development has also brought about some problems that need to be resolved: the growth rate of the production efficiency of the chemical fiber industry is lower than the growth rate of manufacturing costs, the overcapacity of the general fiber structure stage, the homogenization phenomenon is serious, and the chemical fiber is dependent on the petrochemical resources. , The lack of chemical fiber recycling, resulting in solid waste pollution, lack of core competitiveness of chemical fiber manufacturing.
According to statistics, in 2017, the output of China's chemical fiber reached 4,920 tons, but the profit margin of fiber was generally low, especially the profit rate of polyester industry was less than 3%; the operating rate of polyester filament was approximately 78%, and the operating rate of short fiber was approximately 74%. The operating rate of nylon is less than 70%; chemical fiber consumption of petrochemical resources exceeds 75%; chemical fiber industry's dependence on petrochemical resources reaches 65%; annual domestic waste of textile and clothing reaches more than 1 million tons, and the amount of unused clothing is maintained. About 28 million tons, the recycling rate is less than 10%.
Then, how are these problems generated in the end, and how should the chemical fiber industry achieve high-quality development?
With the advent of high-cost era, domestic companies are faced with the challenge of "life and death"
China's chemical fiber industry can achieve rapid development. To a certain extent, the cost advantage in the past has played a significant role in promoting. However, with the advent of high-cost era, in the international competition of downstream production enterprises, the previous cost advantages have been basically lost, and some companies have neglected the scientific research input, developed differentiated varieties, increased the added value of products, and improved the economic efficiency of enterprises, resulting in chemical fiber The scale of production has continued to expand, market competition has become fiercer, and economic efficiency has fallen sharply. It can be said that domestic companies are facing the challenge of "life and death."
In the words of Jiang Shicheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, “From the perspective of the development of international chemical fiber industry, although China has leading equipment and technology in the field of conventional fiber production, and formed a complete industrial chain supporting system, the industry as a whole is still in the middle and low At the same time, the proportion of high-tech fiber and high value-added products remains low, and the core technologies and key technical equipments of most high-tech fibers need to be further broken. Still, they have not passed industrial restructuring and implementation of technological innovation, and have formed new technologies and market advantages. ”
Today, China's chemical fiber industry has already faced a situation of “fat and weak”. There is a problem that the industry organization lacks correct guidance, and polyester fiber production companies neglect the research on the development direction, do not pay attention to scientific and technological personnel, technological innovation, process innovation, product innovation, and lack of input, and miss the opportunity for development. In recent years, some SMEs that lack sufficient strength have stepped into development difficulties.
Learn experience and lessons, seize high-performance fiber development "golden period"
In the future, the key development directions of fibers will be mainly functional differential fibers, high-performance fibers, and bio-based chemical fibers (labeled red). However, from the current point of view, although China's chemical fiber industry has carried out many researches and production companies are adjusting their development direction, the overall manufacturing competitiveness still has obvious deficiencies. How can we narrow the gap with developed countries? China's chemical fiber industry's international competitiveness?
Experts pointed out that the main problem facing the chemical fiber industry is that the production capacity of general-purpose fibers (conventional products) is growing too fast, the issue of overcapacity in structural production is becoming more and more prominent, and technological innovation in the entire industry chain must be accelerated. The export of low-end and middle-end products in the chemical fiber industry must be accelerated. The status quo of high-end and mid-to-high-end products has accelerated the implementation of key new fiber materials projects, green manufacturing projects, smart manufacturing projects and brand breeding projects, and through the cooperation of production, research and development, focusing on research and development of chemical fiber flexible and efficient preparation technologies, high-quality functional fibers and The textile preparation technology, the preparation and application of high-performance engineering textile materials, the key technology of bio-based textile materials, and the efficient ecological dyeing and finishing technologies and applications of textile materials have enabled us to achieve a number of breakthrough key scientific research and application achievements.
In functionally differentiated fibers, the application and development of multi-functionalized fibers that pay attention to the characteristics should be further extended to applications in functional apparel, functional home textiles and industrial, environmental protection, etc.; high-performance fibers should be expanded in aerospace and marine applications. The application of engineering, advanced rail transit, new energy vehicles and electric power, etc.; bio-based chemical fiber, should focus on the development of bio-based recycled fiber, bio-based synthetic fiber, marine bio-based fiber, breaking through the key equipment of bio-based chemical fiber industrialization Manufacturing, to overcome the technical bottleneck of bio-based chemical fiber and raw material industrialization.
In order to achieve high-quality development in China's chemical fiber industry, we must absorb the experience and lessons learned from the development of universal fiber, keep a close eye on the new direction of international chemical fiber development, and seize the “golden period” for the development of high-performance fiber. The government should increase policy support and guide Enterprises accelerate the industrial transformation, encourage enterprises to implement asset restructuring, accelerate the technological transformation of equipment, accelerate the development of universal fiber to differentiate, and focus on the development of high-performance chemical fiber, and boost the production enterprises out of the “bottleneck period”. At the same time, we must pay attention to basic theoretical research, carry out cooperation in production, research and development, and international exchanges and cooperation, focus on the research on the recycling and utilization of textile and garment waste, and promote the development of the industry to be intelligent, digital, refined, and low-carbon, so that we can fully upgrade our country. Chemical fiber industry international market competitiveness.
